Sushi-kot—urocze hybrydy zwierzęco-spożywcze w grach mobilnych
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7494/human.2026.25.1.8007Słowa kluczowe:
urok, hybryda zwierzęco-spożywcza, studia nad zwierzętami, gry mobilne, gry przytulne, konsumpcjonizmAbstrakt
Artykuł analizuje funkcjonowanie uroczych hybryd zwierzęco-spożywczych jako specyficznej formy przedstawień zwierząt w grach mobilnych. Wskazuje, że łączenie motywów silnie aktywizujących układ nagrody – zwierzęcości, jedzenia i estetyki uroku – sprzyja popularności tych tytułów oraz wpisuje się w szerszy wizualny język konsumpcji, charakterystyczny dla kultury cyfrowej. Hybrydy te nie są jedynie dekoracyjnym zabiegiem stylistycznym, lecz elementem strategii projektowej opartej na kumulacji „bezpiecznych” i przyjemnych bodźców, mającej silnie wpływać na odbiorców. W efekcie zwierzęcość ulega instrumentalizacji i redukcji do atrakcyjnego znaku, maskując problem przemocy strukturalnej pod warstwą wizualnej przyjemności. Artykuł sytuuję na styku groznawstwa i krytycznych studiów nad zwierzętami, poddając analizie estetyczne i etyczne konsekwencje omawianych przedstawień. Klasyczna koncepcja „kinderschema’ (Lorenz, 1943) okazuje się niewystarczająca do opisu złożoności tych form wizualnych. Bardziej adekwatną kategorią interpretacyjną staje się pojęcie cudacznego uroku (whimsical cuteness; Nenkov & Scott, 2014).
Pobrania
Bibliografia
Alharthi, S. A., Alsaedi, O., Dugas, P. O. T., Tanenbaum, T. J., & Hammer, J. (2018). Playing to wait: A taxonomy of idle games. Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 621. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3174195
Alharthi, S. A., Toups Dugas, P. O., Alsaedi, O., Tanenbaum, T. J., & Hammer, J. (2025). The Pleasure of Playing Less. Well Played & Play Story Press. https://doi.org/10.17613/4J4T4-75N35
Arkenberg, M. (2016). Cuteness and Control in Portal. W J. P. Dale, J. Goggin, J. Leyda, A. McIntyre, & D. Negra (Red.), The Aesthetics and Affects of Cuteness. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315658520
Attebery, S. (2015). Coshaping Digital and Biological Animals: Companion Species Encounters and Biopower in the Video Games Pikmin and Pokémon. Humanimalia, 6(2), 56–84. https://doi.org/10.52537/humanimalia.9912
Berger, J. (1980). About looking ; Why look at animals?. Pantheon Books.
Benzon, W. L. (2006). Being and Plenitude: Ontological Cognition in Disney’s Fantasia. Literature and Cognitive Science Conference. https://www.academia.edu/30832647/Being_and_Plenitude_Ontological_Cognition_in_Disneys_Fantasia
Bianchi, M. (2017). Inklings and Tentacled Things: Grasping at Kinship through Video Games. Ecozon (a): European Journal of Literature, Culture, and Environment, 8(2), 136–150. https://doi.org/10.37536/ECOZONA.2017.8.2.1354
Bianchi, M. (2024). Playing the Animal: Imagining the Nonhuman Animal in Two-Dimensional Action and Adventure Games. W: N. Castle & G. Champion (Red.), Animals and Science Fiction. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41695-8
Bogost, I. (2016). Play Anything: The Pleasure of Limits, the Uses of Boredom, and the Secret of Games. Basic Books. https://archive.org/details/playanythingplea0000bogo.
Bourdieu, P. (2002). Distinction: A social critique of the judgement of taste (11. print). Harvard University Press.
Branen, L., Fletcher, J., & Hilbert, L. (2002). Snack Consumption and Waste by Preschool Children Served “Cute” versus Regular Snacks. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 34(5), 279–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1499-4046(06)60107-3
Brown, L. (2024). “The Mythical Mass Market”: Design, Habit and the Invention of the American Mobile Gamer. Game Studies, 24(2). https://gamestudies.org/2402/articles/brown
Busque, B. L., & Litchfield, C. (2023). Sharks, spiders, snakes, oh my: A review of creature feature films. Journal of Environmental Media, 4(1), 49–75. https://doi.org/10.1386/jem_00096_1
Cham, C., Kaufmann, V., & Schirmer, A. (2024). Stroking and Leaning: The Give and Take of Social Touch Between Humans and Their Pets. Anthrozoös, 38(2), 407–426. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927936.2024.2400782
Cheok, A. D., & Fernando, O. N. N. (2012). Kawaii/Cute interactive media. Universal Access in the Information Society, 11(3), 295–309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-011-0249-5
Consalvo, M., & Paul, C. A. (2019). Real Games: What’s Legitimate and What’s Not in Contemporary Videogames. The MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/12109.001.0001
Crary, J. (2013). 24/7: Late capitalism and the ends of sleep (1. publ). Verso.
Curry, D. (2026). Most Popular Mobile Games (2026). Business of Apps. https://www.businessofapps.com/data/most-popular-mobile-games/
Dale, J. P. (2023). Irresistible: How Cuteness Wired our Brains and Conquered the World. Profile Books.
Dale, J. P., Goggin, J., Leyda, J., McIntyre, A., & Negra, D. (Red.). (2016). The Aesthetics and Affects of Cuteness. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315658520
Derrida, J. (1981). Economimesis. https://juanfermejia.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/derrida-economimesis-en.pdf
de Vries, N. (2016). Under the Yolk of Consumption: Re-Envisioning the Cute as Consumable. W: J. P. Dale, J. Goggin, J. Leyda, A. McIntyre, & D. Negra (Red.), The Aesthetics and Affects of Cuteness. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315658520-18/yolk-consumption-re-envisioning-cute-consumable-nadia-de-vries
de Waal, F. (2001). The Ape and the Sushi Master: Reflections of a Primatologist. Basic Books.
Eggertsson, G. T. (2022). Life as a Lynx: A Digital Animal Story. W: Squirrelling. Human–Animal Studies in the Northern-European Region (s. 197–216). Södertörn University Library.
Ehrlich, D. (2015). From Kewpies to Minions: A Brief History of Pop Culture Cuteness. Rolling Stone. https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/from-kewpies-to-minions-a-brief-history-of-pop-culture-cuteness-75705/
Farca, G., Lehner, A., & Navarro-Remesal, V. (2018). Regenerative Play and the Experience of the Sublime in THE LEGEND OF ZELDA: BREATH OF THE WILD. Conference: The Philosophy of Computer Games Conference, Copenhagen 2018. Denmark.
Games. Nyan Cat Wiki. (2023). Fandom. https://nyancat.fandom.com/wiki/Category:Games
Grauerholz, L. (2007). Cute Enough to Eat: The Transformation of Animals into Meat for Human Consumption in Commercialized Images. Humanity & Society, 31(4), 334–354. https://doi.org/10.1177/016059760703100404
Harris, D. (2001). Cute, Quaint, Hungry and Romantic: The Aesthetics of Consumerism. Da Capo Press.
Hobin, N. (2019). Animal Eyes: Gazing at the Animal in Video Games. Public, 30(59), 72–77. https://doi.org/10.1386/public.30.59.72_1
Hybryda. (2011). Słownik języka polskiego. https://sjp.pl/hybryda
Imbierowicz, E. (2025). A Shift Away from Anthropocentrism: Posthumanist Animals in Digital Games [Praca doktorska]. Uniwersytet Wrocławski.
IQS. (2020). Game Story [opracowanie historyczne z 2019 roku]. Grupa IQS. https://grupaiqs.pl/pl/raporty/game-story
Isola, C., & Esposito, F. (2025). A systematic literature review on dark patterns for the legal community: Definitional clarity and a legal classification based on the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive. Computer Law & Security Review, 58, 106169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2025.106169
Kamińska, M. (2011). Niecne memy: Dwanaście wykładów o kulturze internetu. Galeria Miejska „Arsenał”.
Kamińska, M. (2017). Czy w Internecie wszystko staje się lepsze po dodaniu kota? (Michalina Rutka, Miau.pl czyli wychowanie na uboczu kultury). Przegląd Kulturoznawczy, 32(2). https://doi.org/10.4467/20843860PK.17.016.7364
Kieszek, N. (2022). Branża gier może się ostatecznie oprzeć recesji, wynika z danych Newzoo. Wartość rynku przekroczy 225 mld USD w 2025 roku. Strefa Inwestorów. https://strefainwestorow.pl/artykuly/gaming/20220803/raport-newzoo-branza-gier-2022
Lacey, C., & Caudwell, C. (2019). Cuteness as a ‘Dark Pattern’ in Home Robots. 374–381. https://doi.org/10.1109/HRI.2019.8673274
Laforteza, E. M. (2014). Cute-ifying Disability: Lil Bub, the Celebrity Cat. M/C Journal, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.5204/mcj.784
Leroy, F., & Petracci, M. (2021). Rabbit meat: Valuable nutrition or too-cute-to-eat? World Rabbit Science, 29(4). https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2021.12663
Lieber-Milo, S., Amichai-Hamburger, Y., Yonezawa, T., & Sugiura, K. (2025). Cuteness in avatar design: A cross-cultural study on the influence of baby schema features and other visual characteristics. AI & SOCIETY, 40(2), 627–637. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-024-01878-3
Little, A. C. (2012). Manipulation of Infant-Like Traits Affects Perceived Cuteness of Infant, Adult and Cat Faces. Ethology, 118(8), 775–782. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.2012.02068.x
Lorenz, K. (1943). Die angeborenen Formen Möglicher Eifahrung. Ethology, 5, 235–409. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1943.tb00655.x
Mazur, E. (2026). Animal presence in gaming – transformative design and play practices. W: S. Siedlecka & A. Wieczorkiewicz (Red.), Performance and Human-Animal Entanglements. Routledge.
Mazur, E., & Karwacki, K. (2026). Spectacle of absurd – Parody in video games regarding Russia’s invasion on Ukraine as political satire. European Historical Game Studies: Ukrainian Games of War, 1(1), 50 -83. https://doi.org/10.26881/ehgs.2026.1.03
Merish, L. (1996). Cuteness and Commodity Aesthetics. W: R. Garland-Thomson (Red.), Freakery: Cultural spectacles of the extraordinary body. New York University Press. http://digitool.hbz-nrw.de:1801/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=1160241&custom_att_2=simple_viewer
MIXX Awards 2023. (2023). Żabu | IAB MIXX AWARDS 2023 CASEBOOK. Pobrano 22 lutego 2026. https://mixx-awards.pl/casebook-2023/offline-digitizing/14-03/
Nenkov, G. Y., & Scott, M. L. (2014). “So Cute I Could Eat It Up”: Priming Effects of Cute Products on Indulgent Consumption. Journal of Consumer Research, 41(2), 326–341. https://doi.org/10.1086/676581
Netburn, D. (2011). Talking Twin Babies, Nyan Cat among YouTube’s top videos of 2011. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/archives/blogs/technology-blog/story/2011-12-20/talking-twin-babies-nyan-cat-among-youtubes-top-videos-of-2011
Ngai, S. (2005). The Cuteness of the Avant‐Garde. Critical Inquiry, 31(4), 811–847. https://doi.org/10.1086/444516
Nittono, H. (2016). The two-layer model of ‘kawaii’: A behavioural science framework for understanding kawaii and cuteness. East Asian Journal of Popular Culture, 2(1), 79–95. https://doi.org/10.1386/eapc.2.1.79_1
Torres, C. (2011). Nyan Cat! [Official]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2yJgwwDcgV8&list=RD2yJgwwDcgV8&start_radio=1
Occhi, D. J. (2016). Kyaraben (character bento): The cutesification of Japanese food in and beyond the lunchbox. East Asian Journal of Popular Culture, 63–77. https://doi.org/10.1386/eapc.2.1.63_1
Packer, R. M. A., Seath, I. J., O’Neill, D. G., De Decker, S., & Volk, H. A. (2016). DachsLife 2015: An investigation of lifestyle associations with the risk of intervertebral disc disease in Dachshunds. Canine Genetics and Epidemiology, 3(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40575-016-0039-8
Paul, C. A. (2020). Free-to-Play: Mobile Video Games, Bias, and Norms. The MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/12843.001.0001
Short, T. X., Ordon, A., Hurd, D., Howe, C., Forbes, J., Eiserloh, S., Diaz, J., & Cook, D. (2018, January 24). Cozy games. Lostgarden. https://lostgarden.com/2018/01/24/cozy-games/
Stavropoulos, K. K. M., & Alba, L. A. (2018). “It’s so Cute I Could Crush It!”: Understanding Neural Mechanisms of Cute Aggression. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00300
Steinbock, E. (2017). CATTIES AND T-SELFIES. Angelaki, 22(2), 159.
Stockman, C., O’Connell, A., & Nottingham, E. (2025). When it’s cute but also dark: Critical analysis of FarmVille 3’s game design in the digital economy. International Review of Law, Computers & Technology, 39(2), 231–253. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600869.2024.2330034
Suominen, A., & Kallio-Tavin, M. (2018). Animals in Arts and Sustainable Education: Iconic, Cute, Partners, Food, Trade, Disposable. European Conference on Educational Research. https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/animals-in-arts-and-sustainable-education-iconic-cute-partners-fo
Švelch, J. (2023). Player vs. monster: The making and breaking of video game monstrosity. MIT Press.
Tang, J., Yan, L., & Wu, J. (2023). Tourists’ cognitions of and responses to cute food. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 54, 300–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2022.12.020
Tyler, T. (2022). GAME. Animals, Video Games and Humanity. University of Minnesota Press.
Vicchio, S. J. (1986). From Aristotle to Descartes: Making animals anthropomorphic. Animal Intelligence Insights into the Animal Mind. Pobrano 18 lutego 2026 z: https://www.academia.edu/8647971/Animal_Intelligence_Insights_into_the_Animal_Mind
Walsh, G. (2014). Taming the monster: Violence, spectacle and the virtual animal. Antennae, Virtual Animals, 30, 21–34.
Waszkiewicz, A. (2023). Delicious pixels: Food in video games. De Gruyter Oldenbourg.
Waszkiewicz, A. (2024). Soft Horrors: The Visual and Ludic Safety of Dark Cozy Games. Replay. The Polish Journal of Game Studies, 11(1), 111–124. https://doi.org/10.18778/2391-8551.11.08
Waszkiewicz, A., & Bakun, M. (2022). Towards the aesthetics of cozy video games. Journal of Gaming & Virtual Worlds, 12(3), 225–240. https://doi.org/10.1386/jgvw_00017_1
Waszkiewicz, A., & Tymińska, M. (2024). Cozy Games and Resistance Through Care. Replay. The Polish Journal of Game Studies, 11(1), 7–16. https://doi.org/10.18778/2391-8551.11.01
Żabka Group. (2023). Szaleństwo w Żappce! Ponad milion postaci Żabu! Pobrano 8 lutego 2026 z: https://zabkagroup.com/pl/szalenstwo-w-zappce-ponad-milion-postaci-zabu/
LUDOGRAFIA
180heartbeats + Jung v Matt. (2022). Żabu (Wersja mobilna) [Gra mobilna]. Żabka.
1N1. (2021). Neko Sushi – Stack Game (Wersja mobilna) [Gra mobilna].
DINO Global LTD. (2023). Mix AI: Hybrid Food Animals 3D (Wersja mobilna) [Gra mobilna].
Glumberland. (2020). Ooblets (PC, konsole) [Gra wideo].
HyperBeard. (2019). Bunny Buns Bakery (Wersja mobilna) [Gra mobilna].
HyperBeard. (2025). Penguin Sushi Bar (Wersja mobilna) [Gra mobilna].
isTom Games Kft. (2011). Nyan Cat: Lost In Space (Wersja mobilna) [Gra mobilna].
King. (2012). Candy Crush Saga (Wersja mobilna) [Gra mobilna].
Monomi Park. (2016). Slime Rancher (PC, konsole) [Gra wideo]. Skybound Games.
NEOWIZ. (2021). Cats and Soup (Wersja mobilna) [Gra mobilna]. Hidea.
Outfit7. (2013). My Talking Tom (Wersja mobilna) [Gra mobilna].
Sanctum Games Limited. (2020). MochiCats Collection (Wersja mobilna) [Gra mobilna].
Skyborne Games Inc. (2026). Campfire Cat Cafe (Wersja mobilna) [Gra mobilna].
studio rabbiko. (2026). Usagi Shima: Cute Bunny Game (Wersja mobilna) [Gra mobilna].
TREEPLLA. (2022). Cat Snack Bar: Cute Food Games (Wersja mobilna) [Gra mobilna].
Ubisoft Toronto. (2021). Far Cry 6 (Wersja na konsole) [Gra wideo]. Ubisoft.
Pliki dodatkowe
Opublikowane
Numer
Dział
Licencja
Prawa autorskie (c) 2026 © Wydawnictwa AGH, Kraków 2024, Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 License
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa 4.0 Międzynarodowe.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
