The Implementation Potential of the Hybrid Hot Metal Desulfurization Model –The Transformation of Research Results into Technological Recommendations

Abstract

This study presents the development of a hybrid model for the desulfurization of hot metal using dual reagent injection of CaO and Mg, integrating thermodynamic equilibrium calculations with kinetic analysis based on Tank Theory. The objective is to provide practical technological recommendations that enable effective industrial application of the process. The model allows real-time simulation of sulfur concentration changes under varying parameters such as reagent dosage and mixing intensity, while an optimization module supports the selection of operating conditions by balancing desulfurization efficiency with material consumption and operational costs. The system adapts to changing technological conditions including feedstock composition and process temperature, ensuring flexibility in industrial practice. In addition to process control, the model incorporates economic evaluation by correlating reagent consumption with achieved technological outcomes, which enhances its practical value. The proposed solution represents a step toward intelligent desulfurization systems that combine the precision of physicochemical modeling with the adaptability of modern process control. Implementation of the hybrid model may lead to higher efficiency, reduced consumption of consumables, and stable achievement of target sulfur levels, thereby strengthening the economic competitiveness of iron production.