Managerial Economics

Fighting recent inflation: An empirical literature review of monetary and governmental policies

Christof Haar — 2024-09-05

Inflation is a crucial issue for businesses and households, central banks and governments, in fact for all economic actors, as it has a strong impact on economic growth and welfare. This literature review captures how monetary policy and governmental policy can control inflation, how their measures work, and which are the key points to consider when conducting these policies, especially in times of crisis. It uses academic papers from the past eight decades, supplemented by publications from financial and economic institutions, but focuses on literature beginning with the 2000s to capture the latest methods and techniques to find out what drives inflation and how. Monetary policy and governmental policy should act together to effectively fight inflation. Monetary policy can have adverse effects on governments’ future tax revenues and debt-to-GDP ratios. Fiscal policy measures should be associated with altered government spending to avoid high inflation rates and/or high debt burdens in the future. Especially during and right after crises, measures have to be evaluated as too long support can fuel inflation in the future. Both parties should also take into account people’s inflation expectations, as these shape their economic behaviour.

Introduction of a general class of entropy-based control charts: The Φ-chart

Benedikt Mangold — 2024-09-05

We introduce a new class of Shewhart control charts, namely the f-chart. This new class is based on the cumulative paired f-divergence that generalizes both the cumulative (residual) entropy and the differential entropy. The f-chart contains several subclasses; of which one has a special case, the G-chart, which uses Gini’s mean difference as a measure of dispersion. We investigate the performance of three of the subclasses of f-charts in a showcase scenario, comparing its average run length under the Gaussian and several alternative distributions relevant to process control. We find especially the new Leik control chart to outperform classical Shewhart charts, which are based on ranks, standard deviation, or Gini’s mean difference. The results imply that monitoring a production process using f-charts results in faster detection of out-of-control processes, which can be crucial for a variety of application areas.

Investment attractiveness factors in the opinion of companies from Special Economic Zones in Poland

Piotr Misztal — 2024-09-05

The purpose of the research is the identification of important determinants shaping the investment attractiveness of the country (region) from the point of view of potential investors and an assessment of the degree of stakeholder satisfaction with existing methods of examining the investment climate and their availability for practical use. In order to assess a set of determinants that exert the most significant influence on a country’s investment climate, a questionnaire was developed consisting of 25 questions of various orientations. These questions were designed to assess the opinions of potential investors regarding the degree of influence of various factors on their decision on capital allocation and the investment climate of a country. The survey was conducted among 506 enterprises and 14 management bodies of Special Economic Zones in Poland from June 10 to July 20, 2023. The final step involved the analysis of the survey results using statistical methods.